Material & Cosmic Sectors

The two aspects of a ratio can be expressed as a:b or b:a (now many times a contains b, or how many times b contains a). The magnitudes of a and b do not change, but the choice is determined by how the observer wants to express the ratio.

Larson uses the terms space (s) and time (t) to represent the two aspects of motion, so there are two possible forms of sector motion: one where space is yang and time is yin (which Larson calls the Material Sector), and the other where time is yang and space is yin (Larson's Cosmic Sector):

Material Sector Properties

In the conventional frame of reference, space is yang, linear and is measured by the real aspect of sector motion. It is therefore observable and measurable by conventional techniques.1 Time is yin, polar and measured by the imaginary aspect of sector motion and is unobservable and unmeasurable by conventional techniques. However, the effect that time has on space can be observed and measured as force fields.2 The clock3 is considered temporal: clock time.

Cosmic Sector Properties

The cosmic sector is not observable from the conventional frame of reference. However, time is yang, linear and measured by the real sector motion axis and observable and measurable to a Cosmic observer, as coordinate time would be their “conventional” frame of reference. Space is yin, polar and measured by the imaginary aspect of sector motion. The clock is considered spatial: clock space, analogous to the conventional concept of length.

Simulating Yin: Larson's “Rotational Base”

Because Larson's Reciprocal System did not include the yin aspect of motion, he could have “motion without something to move”—providing it was linear motion—but could not have “rotation without something to rotate.” Since the Universe requires4 both yang and yin to function, Larson had to come up with a way to simulate the yin aspect of motion, which was lacking in the RS.

To circumvent this lack, he used the linear vibration generated by the “direction reversal” to create a structure that could be rotated, which he termed the rotational base—his version of yin. Even Larson admits the rotational base has no observed physical properties,5 which is what you get if you had started with polar geometry to begin with.

Table 1: Comparison of the Derivation of Yin-Yang in RS and RS2

In RS2, neither the direction reversal nor the rotational base are necessary structures, as both concepts are embodied in the fundamental concept of the uniform and dependent motion. All motions identified as photons, particles or and atoms have the same, foundational structure (Larson's photon is not built upon a rotational base) and there is a clear distinction between location and structure. Lex parsimoniae6.


1 Human senses and conventional, scientific equipment can only measure space (distance) and change of space (velocity, acceleration and other measures of spatial distance to clock time).

2 Larson did not like the concept of “force,” preferring to use the word “push,” as temporal motion was pushing upon a spatial location, causing a change of that location that could be measure by conventional, scientific techniques.

3 The concept of the “clock” will be discussed in the section on Projective Geometry. In RS2, the concept of a clock is different from what is conventionally accepted, being a scale factor of space, due to the presence of temporal motion.

4 Requires in the sense that “opposites can only exist in relation to each other.”

5 Larson, Dewey B., “Outline of the Deductive Development of the Universe of Motion,”, Item 68: “Where a one-unit positive rotational displacement is applied to a one-unit negative vibration, the net total speed displacement (a scalar quantity) is zero. This combination of motions has no effective deviation from unit speed (the physical datum), and therefore has no observed physical properties. We will call it the rotational base of the material system. A similar combination with positive vibration and negative rotation is the rotational base of the cosmic system.”

6 Occam's Razor; a principle that generally recommends that, from among competing hypotheses, selecting the one that makes the fewest new assumptions usually provides the correct one, and that the simplest explanation will be the most plausible until evidence is presented to prove it false.